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托福阅读提升攻略之把握词汇语法和逻辑才能吃透文章推荐2篇

2022-10-06 18:01:00综合范文

  下面是范文网小编整理的托福阅读提升攻略之把握词汇语法和逻辑才能吃透文章推荐2篇,供大家阅读。

托福阅读提升攻略之把握词汇语法和逻辑才能吃透文章推荐2篇

托福阅读提升攻略之把握词汇语法和逻辑才能吃透文章推荐1

  托福阅读提升攻略丨做阅读题目需要看完文章吗?

  一.为什么有人倡导不读文章直接做题

  在托福阅读考试中,不需要看文章,只要找到题目对应的答案就可以做对题目。”这个逻辑看起来是自洽的,而且学生在听老师讲的时候非常容易接受,因为这迎合了大多数人希望不劳而获的本能性想法。

  面对一个让自己很头疼的考试,突然有人告诉你不需要读文章,只需要找对某个局部对应点就可以得分,很难说这不是一件让人喜出望外的事情。如果有人告诉你一个“不需要背单词就可以把考试搞定”的方法,你会更愿意接受的,不是么?

  为了让这个说法显得更加合理和有权威性,他们还会使用如下的说法来强化自己的理论:

  1. 某种考试,文章读懂了,题目反而做不对;

  2. 考试的阅读和平常的阅读不一样,只要得分就可以,不需要读懂;

  3. 很多人在考试的时候是无法在规定时间做完题目的,所以要用这种方法来提高做题的效率。

  4. 我教过多少学生,他们用这种方法确实得了好成绩。

  看到这里,你有没有一种自己已经被说服了的感觉呢?如果有的话,你就不会奇怪为什么这种说法会存在,并且还一直被人相信了。

  我们姑且先假设这种方法是对的,那么,考生在做题以前是没有读过全文的,直接看每一个题目,按照题目中提示回到原文来定位答案,并且根据所读的内容来选择出答案。在不考虑阅读能力差异的情况下,这种方法有效的前提条件是:

(1)所有题目答案都与文章整体结构和段落关系无关;

(2)题目中有对答案所在位置的明确指示。

  现在,我们可以查阅《新托福官方指南》一书,都可以找到在题型分类中有一种叫做“Prose Summary”,还有一种叫做“Filling the Table”的题目类型,其题目测试要求描述中都有关于文章结构的内容,所以(1)不成立。此外,还有一种叫做“Rhetoric Purpose”的题目类型中,也包含了对于段落关系的考核,再次证明(1)不成立。

  此外,除了“Prose Summary”和“Filling the Table ”,至少还有“Rhetoric Purpose”、“Negative Factual Information”和“Inference”三类题目,不会明确表明答案的位置,所以(2)不成立。既然(1)和(2)都不成立,那么自然这种方法就肯定是不正确的了,因为它和命题者的基本要求相违背。

  二.根据题目找答案的方法是否有效

  托福阅读考试中的确有一些题目类型的测试内容是“局部”性的,比如 “Factual Information”类型的题目,它的目的是为了检测考生是否对某些重要信息和关系完成了认知和理解,所以,ETS明确指出,它的答案只会和文章中的一部分内容有关。所以,这种类型题目的存在原本就和文章整体结构以及段落关系无关,所以,需要做的只是对应到正确的点,然后读懂,选出答案就行了。

  那么,如果直接看题找答案,是否能做对的关键就取决于“是否能找对答案所在的位置”了。当考生缺乏对文章的整体认识时,考生的定位和选择是随机的,也就是说,找得到或者找不到,以及花多少时间找到,靠的是运气。举例来说,给你一张北京市的地图,在你对北京市完全不了解的情况下,让你去找海淀区的娘娘府在哪儿,你是否能找到,以及花多少时间能找到,就是靠运气决定的。

  所以,总有一些运气不错的人,会“感觉”这种方法是有效的,这也可以解释为什么有的人这次觉得好用,下次觉得不好用的现象。

  推崇这种方法的人往往会认为,考生在规定时间内是无法读完文章并且正确完成题目的,所以,这些考生需要用这种“技巧”来帮助自己获得高分。

  三.提升阅读速度可以读完文章再做题

  其实给学生5分钟时间,让学生阅读一篇真题的文章,要求不能查字典,并且不能跳过任何一句话。在这种情况下,绝大多数学生完成率可以超过80%,也就是说,如果时间放宽到8分钟,所有人都可以读完。

  在这种情况下,如果假设文章理解没有问题,做完所有题目只需要最多10分钟。而托福考试一篇文章的时间要求是20分钟,谁说学生在规定时间内读不完?毫不客气地说,这些人主观上构建了一个“学生读不完”的假设,来提供给学生一个虚假的解决方案。

  但是在这种情况下,学生还是会出现做不对题的情况,原因是什么呢?很简单,学生虽然读完了文字,但是对文字的理解并不好,这里涉及到了单词、句法、文章结构认知、关系理解、记忆效率等方面的问题。而这些问题的解决方案,才是老师应该教给学生的内容,而不是“直接看题找答案来提高效率”这种正确率随机的方法。

  说到这里,我想大家应该很清楚如下几点了:

  1. 按照ETS的官方描述,看题目找答案的方式会有解决不了的题目(而且还包括了多选题);

  2. 看题目找答案的时间消耗和正确率是随机的;

  3. 在规定时间内完成题目并非难事,关键是教会学生如何提高理解的准度和效率;

  到这里,那种方法的支持者们又会说了:我在看题目找答案的过程中,可以顺便了解文章,这样就可以解决文章结构理解不好的问题了。好,我们姑且认为这种说法是对的,并且也确实做到了,那么这和先读完文章再做题有什么区别呢?

  这和中药里面加西药成分最后却号称中药有效不是一个逻辑吗?而事实是,大多数人在这样的离散化信息获取过程中,是很难把握文章的逻辑框架和结构的,因为思维被反复阻断,即便是用自己的母语写成的文章也会在认知上有困难,更何况是用英文写成的文章?

  所以,结果就是,考生在大脑中留下了一堆信息碎片,最后无法组织到一起。有同学会问,为什么老师在讲的时候头头是道呢?因为他备课的时候已经读过全文了嘛。

  四.读完文章再做题有哪些优势

  实际上,考试阅读和普通阅读的唯一区别在于,考试阅读要你做题,而平常的普通阅读不需要。但是,考试的阅读考的内容是什么呢?还是拿托福阅读为例,ETS在官方文档中讲得很清楚:词汇和语法、文章的主要观点和重要信息、观点之间的相对重要程度、观点之间的关系、所有观点的组织结构。

  那么,我们仔细想想,这些东西是不是平时阅读的时候也需要获得的东西呢?显然是的。所以,从阅读本身的要求来说,考试阅读和普通阅读并没任何区别。

  既然如此,要做对题目的前提就必须是:读懂文章。反之,如果是题目做错了,也必然是文章的某个局部内容、关系,或者全局的关系理解出现了问题,抑或是逻辑推理出现了问题,而考生需要训练的,是如何修正问题并且提高阅读能力的方法。

  托福阅读:指代题型举例分析

  无论是OG还是Delta,都把阅读的题目分成十类,即:Understanding Facts and Details, Identifying Negative Facts, Locating Referents, Understanding Vocabulary in Context, Making Inferences, Determining Purposes, Recognizing Paraphrases(Simplifying sentences), Recognizing Coherence(Sentence inserting), Summarizing Important Ideas and Organizing information.

  还有很重要的一点,做题的时候,无论考试还是练习,不光要分析对的选项为什么对,更要分析错的选项为什么错。有时候分析错误的原因更为重要。有助于你把握出题的思路,培养感觉。这是非常有用的。

  三、指代定位

  顾名思义,这种题是要问考生文中的代词具体指代的是什么丁冬,说专业点叫做先行词antecedent.基本可以分为四类。第一是人称代词或者物主代词,如I,you,our,mine;第二类是从句中的引导词,如what,which,who;第三类是指示代词,this,that(包括其指示的名词,如问this reason, that purpose之类的);第四类是其他的代词,all,most,some,many,the former,the latter之类。代词需要遵循的首要原则是就近原则。从前面找离它较近的那个词。找到以后把意义代回到原句中看合适不合适就可以了。OG还特别强调了,注意先行词和代词必须人称、单复数一致。总体来说这种题难度都不大。

  用OG上的几个例子说明:

  先行词,先行词,顾名思义,一般应该在代词前面。根据就近原则就找出来postal service.代回去看看合适不合适,A,distribution有65个office;B销售有65个office,C报纸有65个office,D,邮政服务有65个office.其他几个都太荒诞了。这种题难度相对不大,也就不多说了。

  托福阅读答题如何做到精准

  1、不读完文章,直接做题。这种方法相当于瞎子摸象,对文章只有局部而主观的认知,整个文章的概念是根本无法获得的。以自己的思想去猜测文章大意,很多时候会偏离主旨。所以,这种不看文章直接做题的方法是极其危险的。

  2、一字不漏地细读文章,再做题。如果你的阅读速度超群,或者这篇文章你很熟悉,那这样做未尝不可。但是一般来说,采用细读会导致做题时间严重不足。要知道,阅读理解测试的不止是理解,更是速度。

  3、词汇题迷信自己的记忆。在做词汇题时,许多考生认为做不对题与自己的词汇量有关,认识单词能做对,不认识单词就会做错。事实上,那些认识的单词经常做错,不认识的单词反而能做对。原因是,做不认识单词时,考生往往会仔细研读词汇题的上下文,力求在上下文中突破。而做认识单词时,忽略上下文的重要性,往往是装模作样的看一下上下文,便匆匆做出抉择。所以,做好词汇题关键在于透彻分析上下文所要表达的涵义。

  从题型来看,TOEFL阅读的特点是题量大,涉及的词汇面广。要想考好阅读,要求考生不光有扎实的英语基础,还需要精准的做题策略。

  第一步:花两三分钟时间扫描每篇文章头一两个句子,做一个简短的scanning,定位文章难易程度,以及了解文章大致主题。虽然平均每篇文章做题时间为11分钟,但是有的文章七八分钟便可以轻松对付,有的文章则需要15分钟左右,所以这其中的时间安排就需要考生自主调节。一般来说,5篇文章中有2篇难度大一些,按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好几道题甚至是来不及做,带来巨大的损失。因此首先定位文章难易程度,同时目测文章的题量分布,这有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间,是非常必要的。

  教师在线指导,如何备考托福阅读考试

  第二步:通过阅读文章结构来进一步进行scanning。所谓结构,即文章的骨架子。 TOEFL文章涉及人文社科和自然科学,大多是结构明确的议论文、说明文,它们最显著的特点是呈板块结构。 TOEFL文章均由数个自然段组成,正确的阅读文章的方法应该是把文章首句先吃透,文章首句经常为文章主题,然后把首段的其他句子尽快略读,文章其他段落采取同样的方法阅读。各段落其他句子一般来说都是用来说明各个段落的主题句,同时也应该看一下第二句,如果有转折词,则此时第二句才是这一段的主旨。没有必要每个句子都理解,很多时候这样做无疑是白白浪费时间。以最快捷的方式了解文章大意,从而正确引导下一步做具体的题,而不至于出现大方向的理解错误。而自始至终考生应该遵循这条原则:看完文章,才能开始做题。

  做题时,考生们应该明白以下道理:

  1、有据可循。每篇文章题目都根据文章布局一步一步向前推进,即使有个别题打乱文章布局,在题干里总是有提供信息的关键词将考生带入文章的具体部位。

  2、回归原文。做题时,根据题干或选项的关键词回归文章寻找重现关键词或其释义的语言区域,同时排除相应的选项。

  3、整句分析。遇到难句子时,应该对其进行句子结构分析,排除修饰成分,寻找主干部分,从而迅速把握整个句子的意思,不要盯着单个的词不放,不然就会因小失大。

  4、基于事实。每个问题的四个选项或者是对文章中相关部分的正确释度、或者是歪曲原文、或者与原文毫不相干。换句话说,命题专家在设置试题时会玩一些文字游戏,用各种表达形式让考生晕头转向、雾里看花。考生应该明白自己的职责是辨别真伪,找到符合文章意思和题意的选项。

  托福阅读背景知识之给小费的文化

  It's every traveler's nightmare. The porter brings your bags to yourroom and helpfully explains how to access CNN. He shows you how to turn on thelights and adjust the air-conditioner. Then he points to the phone and says:“If there's anything else you need, just call.” All this time, you'vebeen thinking one thing: “How much should I tip this guy?” Out ofdesperation you shove a few banknotes into his hand, hoping that you're neithergiven too much or too little.

  对于每一位旅行者来说,这都像是一场噩梦。行李员把你的行李搬到房间,向你解释如何收看CNN,告诉你怎么开灯,怎麽把空调调好。然后他指着电话说:“如果你还需要什么,请打电话。”而你却一直在反复思考着一件事:“我到底该给这家伙多少小费?”最终,你近乎绝望地把几张钞票塞进他手里,心中暗暗希望你给的小费不多也不少。

  It's difficult to divine what constitutes an appropriate tip in anycountry. In Japan, if you leave a couple of coins on the table, the waiter maychase after you to return your forgotten change. In New York, on the otherhand, if you leave less than 15%, your reservation might not hold up next time.Asia, with its multiplicity of cultures and customs, is a particularlydifficult terrain. To make your next trip a little easier, here's a guide totipping across the region:

  知道在每一个国家该给多少小费并不容易。在日本,如果你在桌上留下几个硬币,侍应生会追着还给你留下的零钱。在纽约则恰恰相反。如果你给的小费少于消费额的15%,那么下次你预定的桌子可能就会被人占去。由于亚洲各国文化和风俗习惯差异较大,因此在这里给小费格外困难。为了让你下次旅行较为顺利,我们向你提供一些在这一地区给小费的窍门。

  Bangkok In general, the more Westernized the place is, the morelikely you'll be expected to leave a gratuity. Some top-end restaurants willadd a 10% service charge to the bill. If not, waiters will appreciate youtacking on the 10% yourself. However, if you're eating at a downscalerestaurant a tip is not necessary. If you're staying at one of Bangkok's manyfive-star establishments, expect to tip the porter 20 to 50 baht, depending onhow many bags you have. Taxis are now metered in Bangkok. Local custom is toround the fare up to the nearest five baht.

  曼谷总的说来,一个地方西化的程度越高,你就越有可能需要给小费。有些高级的饭店会在帐单里加收10%的服务费。如果没有的话,侍者会感激你自己附上那10%。不过,如果你在一家低档次的餐馆就餐,就没有必要给小费。如果你住在曼谷的某家五星级饭店,就请准备付给搬运工20到50铢,具体的数目得依你的行李多少而定。如今曼谷的出租车都打表计程,当地的惯例是把车费凑整到最近的五铢的倍数。

  Hong Kong Gratuity is customary in this money-mad metropolis. Mostrestaurants automatically add a 10% service charge to the bill, but thesurcharge often ends up in the pocket of the owner. If the service is good, addanother 10% to the bill, up to HK$100 in an especially nice restaurant. ForHK$10 hotel porters should do it at all but the nicest hotels where a new HK$20bill may be more acceptable. When in a taxi, round up to the nearest dollar.

  香港在这个金钱至上的大都市里,给小费是司空见惯的。大多餐馆自动在帐单里加了10%的服务费,但这笔额外的收入最后却常常落到雇主手里。如果服务质量好的话,在帐单里再加上10%,而在一个极好的饭馆里,小费可以多达100港币。对于旅馆的搬运工来说,港币10元的小费已足够,不过在最好的一些饭店,20港币可能更受欢迎。坐出租车的话,凑够最近的整数给钱。

  Jakarta Tipping is not part of local culture, but internationalinfluences have turned some Westernized palms upward in search of a few extrarupiah. A 10% service charge is added at most high-end restaurants. Atmoderately priced restaurants, 5,000 rupiah should do it. If the service issuperb, tack on an extra 1,000 or so. At hotels, porters ask for a few hundredrupiah for each bag. While most taxi drivers will automatically round up to thenext 500 rupiah.

  雅加达给小费原本不是当地文化的一部分,但是国际性的影响使得一些西化的人们盼望多得一些钱。大多数高级饭店里已附加10%的服务费。在价格中等的饭店,给5,000卢比的小费就已足够——如果服务极好,也可以再多给大约l,000卢比。在旅馆,要让搬运工搬一件行李就得给几百卢比。大多数出租车司机会自动把收费加到最近的500卢比的整数。

  Kuala Lumpur Like Indonesia, tipping in Malaysia is confined to thepricier Westernized joints, which often add a 10% service charge to your mealor hotel room. If you are at a hotel restaurant, expect a 10% service charge.But at local restaurants, there's no need to add a gratuity. At five-starhotels, one or two ringgit will suffice a porter. At lower-end establishments,don't feel compelled to tip. Like Bangkok, many taxis are now metered, so youcan just round up to the nearest ringgit.

  吉隆坡像在印度尼西亚—样,在马来西亚给小费也仅限于那些价格较高的西式场所。在那里,一般在就餐或旅馆房间的费用之外附加10%的服务费。如果你在饭店的餐厅就餐,也得准备给10%的服务费。但在当地的饭馆里,却没有必要附加小费。在五星级饭店,给搬运工一两个林吉特就足够了。在低档次的饭店,不一定非给小费不可。像曼谷一样,许多出租车都计程,所以只要凑足最近的整数就行。

  Manila Tipping is common in Manila, and anything above 10% will gainyou undying loyalty. At restaurants, even if a service charge is included,custom dictates adding another 5%-10% to the bill. Hotel porters should berewarded with 20 pesos per bag. Most taxicabs are metered, and rounding up tothe next five pesos is a good rule of thumb.

  马尼拉在马尼拉给小费是很平常的事。只要付10%以上的服务费就能换宋忠心耿耿的服务。在餐馆里,即使就餐费用里已经包括服务费,按一般惯例,还得在帐单里再加上5%到10%。旅馆的搬运工每搬一件行李要给20个比索。大多数的出租车是打表计程的,把车费凑整到最近的五比索准保没错。

  Seoul Tipping is not part of Korean culture, although it has becomea matter of course in international hotels where a 10% service charge is oftenadded. If you are at a Korean barbecue joint, there's no need to add anythingextra. But a sleek Italian restaurant may require a 10% contribution. If youare at a top-end hotel, international standards apply, so expect to pay500-1,000 won per bag. Taxi drivers don't expect a tip. Keep the change foryourself.

  汉城给小费不是韩国文化的一部分,尽管在国际饭店里收取10%的服务费似乎是理所当然的一件事。如果你去一个吃韩国烧烤的地方,那么没有必要付额外的费用。但是在一个雅致的意大利餐馆就餐,可能就要多付10%的小费。如果你下榻的是最高级饭店,就要按国际规范行事。所以搬一件行李的小费大概是500到1,000韩元。不用给出租车司机小费,找的零钱你自己留着好了。

  Singapore According to government mandate in the Lion City, tippingis not permitted. It's basically outlawed at Changi Airport and officialsencourage tourists not to add to the 10% service charge that many high-endhotels tack on to the bill. At restaurants, Singaporeans tend not to leavetips. Nicer restaurants do sometimes levy a 10% service charge. Hotel staff isthe one exception to the no-tipping rule. As a general guide, SSI should beadequate for baggage-lugging service. Taxi drivers don't expect gratuity, butthey won't refuse it.

  新加坡根据狮城政府的规定,给小费是不允许的。在樟宜国际机场,这种行为基本上是违法的。官员们鼓励游客拒绝支付一些高级饭店附加在帐单上的 10%的服务费。在饭馆就餐时,新加坡人一般都不留小费。一些好的饭馆有时也以征税的形式收取10%的服务费。饭店员工是不收小费原则的唯一例外。一般的准则是,如有人帮你搬运行李,给一新元就够了。出租车司机是不指望拿小费的,但你要给他们,他们也不会拒绝。

  Taipei Like Japan and China, Taiwan is not a tipping society-eventhough much of the currency seems to come in coin form. Tipping is not expectedin restaurants. However, that rule is changing as American-style eateriesintroduce Western ways. Hotel staff won't be overly offended if you don't tip.Gratuity is not expected in taxicabs.

  台北就像日本和中国大陆一样,台湾不是一个给小费的社会——尽管大量货币是以硬币的形式出现。饭馆里不用给小费。不过,随着一些美式餐馆引进西方做法,这一原则也在改变。饭店的员工如果没有得到你的小费的话,也不会觉得大受冒犯。坐出租车也不需要给小费。

  同一件事在不同的背景文化下人们的反应也会有所不同,所以想要求学或定居海外的考生一定要了解这种常识,否则容易产生误解甚至纠纷。最后,预祝大家取得满意的托福阅读成绩。

托福阅读提升攻略之把握词汇语法和逻辑才能吃透文章推荐2

  托福阅读提升攻略丨把握词汇语法和逻辑才能吃透文章

  托福阅读吃透文章之 词汇

  托福阅读主要是针对考生词汇量有最大要求的地方,能够说词汇掌握怎么直接关系到阅读部分的成绩好坏。此方面的证明大家已在原来的文章中有所研究和分析,在这里希望广大考生一定要引起重视。针对词汇怎么去记忆的问题,已经在原来的文章里牵涉到,同学们要找到适合自己的记忆方法,同时牢记词汇记忆“八字真言”:反复多次,持之以恒。同时提醒广大考生,背词汇书的时候,不要只背单词中文意思,词汇书上的例句和词组也要重点记忆。

  托福阅读吃透文章之 语法

  托福阶段的阅读文章的难度现如今已超出了体制内高中英语文章的难度,而在里面还有大量的结构复杂的长难句。若想看明白这些长难句,把词汇要过关除外,另外有的重要的语法知识同样是要掌握的。比如五种基本句型,三大类从句,三种较长修饰成分等。只有具备这些知识,才能清晰地看清楚句子成分,明确其在句子中的作用,为理解长难句扫清障碍。

  托福阅读吃透文章之 逻辑

  在此的逻辑我把它定义成是3个层面,而各自是词与词之间,句与句之间,段与段之间的逻辑。那么什么是词与词之间的逻辑,它表示了在相同的一个段落里能够看见词与词之间的语义重复。那么又什么是句与句之间的逻辑,它表示了在相同一段落中的句子是按照什么逻辑构架组织起来的,常见的逻辑关系有因果、比较、并列、转折等。所谓段与段之间的逻辑关系,要从整篇文章的角度上去考虑段落与段落之间存在什么关系,这些关系对于整篇文章的组织结构发挥什么作用。只有从以上三个层面上去考虑,才会对整篇文章的逻辑构架有一个清晰的认识。

  所以我们想要提升托福阅读必须要吃透文章,而想要吃透文章就必须要把握词汇、语法和逻辑这三个要素。希望大家在备考托福阅读的时候能注意提升这三方面的能力。

  托福阅读素材:卡梅伦连任英国首相演讲稿

  I've just been to see Her Majesty the Queen, and I will now form a majority Conservative government.

  I've been proud to lead the first coalition government in 70 years, and I want to thank all those who worked so hard to make it a success; and in particular, on this day, Nick Clegg. Elections can be bruising clashes of ideas and arguments, and a lot of people who believe profoundly in public service have seen that service cut short. Ed Miliband rang me this morning to wish me luck with the new government; it was a typically generous gesture from someone who is clearly in public service for all the right reasons.

  The government I led did important work: it laid the foundations for a better future, and now we must build on them. I truly believe we're on the brink of something special in our country; we can make Britain a place where a good life is in reach for everyone who is willing to work and do the right thing. Our manifesto is a manifesto for working people, and as a majority government we will be able to deliver all of it; indeed, it is the reason why I think majority government is more accountable.

  Three million apprenticeships; more help with childcare; helping 30 million people cope with the cost of living by cutting their taxes; building homes that people are able to buy and own; creating millions more jobs that give people the chance of a better future. And yes, we will deliver that in/out referendum on our future in Europe.

  As we conduct this vital work, we must ensure that we bring our country together. As I said in the small hours of this morning, we will govern as a party of one nation, one United Kingdom. That means ensuring this recovery reaches all parts of our country: from north to south, from east to west. And indeed, it means rebalancing our economy, building that “Northern Powerhouse”. It means giving everyone in our country a chance, so no matter where you're from you have the opportunity to make the most of your life. It means giving the poorest people the chance of training, a job, and hope for the future. It means that for children who don't get the best start in life, there must be the nursery education and good schooling that can transform their life chances. And of course, it means bringing together the different nations of our United Kingdom.

  I have always believed in governing with respect. That's why in the last Parliament, we devolved power to Scotland and Wales, and gave the people of Scotland a referendum on whether to stay inside the United Kingdom. In this Parliament I will stay true to my word and implement as fast as I can the devolution that all parties agreed for Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

  Governing with respect means recognising that the different nations of our United Kingdom have their own governments, as well as the United Kingdom government. Both are important, and indeed with our plans, the governments of these nations will become more powerful, with wider responsibilities. In Scotland, our plans are to create the strongest devolved government anywhere in the world with important powers over taxation. And no constitutional settlement will be complete, if it did not offer, also, fairness to England.

  When I stood here 5 years ago, our country was in the grip of an economic crisis. Five years on, Britain is so much stronger, but the real opportunities lie ahead. Everything I've seen over the last 5 years, and indeed, during this election campaign, has proved once again that this is a country with unrivalled skills and creativeness; a country with such good humour, and such great compassion, and I'm convinced that if we draw on all of this, then we can take these islands, with our proud history, and build an even prouder future.

  Together we can make Great Britain greater still. Thank you.

  托福阅读中的长难句型分析

  福阅读难句类型大概分三类,不同类型的解题方法不同。本文中新东方在网托福频道为大家收集整理托福阅读长难句类型分析一文,供大家参考。

  把句子的主干先抓出来,然后结合这些修饰成分有层次的理解句子。而抓住句子的核心主干的窍门往往在于找出句子的真正谓语,因为谓语是支撑整个句子的支点。

  1.In many instances, spectators in the era before recorded sound experienced elaborate aural presentations alongside movies' visual images, from the Japanese benshi (narrators) crafting multivoiced dialogue narratives to original musical compositions performed by symphony-size orchestras in Europe and the United States.

  托福阅读难句类型:复杂修饰成分

  本句主干结构是spectators experienced elaborate aural presentations alongside movies' visual images,其实非常简单,就是说观众们既看到影像也欣赏到了音效。但是从句子一开头的状语In many instances开始,作者用in the era before recorded sound 修饰主语spectators,割裂了谓语 experienced和主语之间的关系,然后宾语是 elaborate aural presentations alongside movies' visual images倒不难,但是随后用一个 from the Japanese benshi (narrators) crafting multivoiced dialogue narratives to original musical compositions performed by symphony-size orchestras in Europe and the United States.来解释这个主干成分的句子。就使句子变得很复杂了。

  译文:

  很多时候,在有声时代之前,观众们在观看影像的同时也欣赏到了精心制作的音效,从日本多人对话式叙事到欧美交响乐团的原声乐,无不体现这一点。

  训练:

  In many instances, spectators in the era before recorded sound experienced elaborate aural presentations alongside movies' visual images, from the Japanese benshi (narrators) crafting multivoiced dialogue narratives to original musical compositions performed by symphony-size orchestras in Europe and the United States.

  2.Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920 s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound.

  托福阅读难句类型:层层追加的复杂修饰+插入成分

  本句也是ETS的老套路了,为了把句子变长,就层层追加修饰成分,先又Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective所谓一个转折的分句,然后主句是a strain of critical opinion in the 1920 s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty ,接着用that引导 would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound的长句嵌套插入成分,来修饰novelty,但是实际上这些都不是什么重要的成分,大家只要读出来主句结构和句子的核心意思就是以前有一种预言认为有声电影很快就会消失就行了。

  译文:

  尽管后来人很难理解,但在20世纪代,一种批判性的意见预言:有声电影是一种将很快淡出公众视线的科技新事物,就像的许多先前把图像和声音结合起来的尝试,这些尝试可以追溯到第一次世界大战。

  训练:

  Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920 s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound.

  3.Indeed, stability of the biological clock's period is one of its major features, even when the organism's environment is subjected to considerable changes in factors, such as temperature, that would be expected to affect biological activity strongly.

  托福阅读难句类型:复杂修饰+插入成分

  本句的主句结构其实特别简单就是 stability is one of its major features, even when 引导的状语从句the organism's environment is subjected to considerable changes in factors,然后用 such as引导了列举temperature,之后再用 that引导从句来说明temperature would be expected to affect biological activity strongly.

  译文:

  事实上,即使有机体受到外界因素,如温度,强烈改变的影响,有机体内生物钟的稳定性是影响生物活动的一个主要因素。

  训练:

  Indeed, stability of the biological clock's period is one of its major features, even when the organism's environment is subjected to considerable changes in factors, such as temperature, that would be expected to affect biological activity strongly.